النشر العلمي

  • Evaluation of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in Sudanese Children with Falciparum Malaria

Abstract: Severe falciparum malaria is one of the most world-wide infection among children leading to high mortality and morbidity
especially in tropical regions. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is prognostic and predictor factors indicative for inflammatory
diseases, cancers, cardiovascular events, and in several types of infectious diseases such as falciparum malaria. The purpose of this
study was to evaluate the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in Sudanese children with falciparum malaria. In addition to study
association between NLR and malaria parasitemia and parasite count. A case control study was included 300 Sudanese children (100
severe falciparum malaria [with mean age 8.63 ± 3.40 years; 39% female], 100 uncomplicated falciparum malaria [with mean age 8.83
± 4.20 years; 55% female] and 100 normal healthy children controls [with mean age 10.08 ± 3.58 years; 50% female]). The WBCs
parameters measured using by Sysmex XP 300 N automated analyzer, and NLR counted by dividing absolute neutrophil count by the
absolute lymphocytes count. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (V 20.0) and Stat disk software (V 13.0). Leukocytosis (34%)
and increased NLR (30%) were observed in falciparum malaria cases. The mean of NLR in the falciparum malaria patients and control
were (3.47 ± 3.51 and 2.87 ± 3.01 respectively) giving statistically significant difference in NLR between malaria cases and control (P
value 0.000), while statistically insignificant differences in NLR between severe and mild malaria (P value 0.735). The study concluded
that leukocytosis, increased NLR, absolute neutrophilia and absolute lymphocytopenia were observed as WBCs changes in falciparum
malaria. Significant association was observed between development of severe falciparum malaria and absolute neutropenia. To improve
management of severe malaria NLR may be recommended, along with others parameters, as predictive indicator for the disease
severity among high risk groups.

published in International Journal of Academic Health and Medical Research (IJAHMR)

  • Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E amongst Pregnant Women in Asmara, Eritrea

Introduction: Hepatitis E is a liver disease caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV). Based on the WHO (2010), HEV is a member of the genus Hepevirus and so far, there are two species in this genus: (1) Mammalian HEV that causes human disease and infects several other mammalian species. (2) Avian HEV, which is responsible for big liver and spleen disease in chicken, and is known to infect other birds. HEV is noted to affect an estimated of one-third of the world population this makes the virus the most or second most common cause of acute viral hepatitis among adults in majority parts of Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. In the general population the case fatality rate (CFR) is between 1 and 2%, which can rise to over 40% in pregnant women.
Objective: This is the first study in Eritrea which is expected to illuminate some facts about the seroprevalence of HEV. The objective of the study is to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis E among the pregnant women attending ANC in the selected health facilities of Asmara city and to identify possible risk factors of the infection.
Methods: The research study has applied cross-sectional descriptive laboratory based study design. In total, 153 pregnant women following ANC has included from four health facilities. Recruiting participants voluntary sampling technique and structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic; and Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) method was applied to examine for IgG and IgM antibody. Epi-Info for data entry and SPSS version 20 for analysis was used.
Results: Out of the 153 pregnant women 41 (26.8%) were seropositive for HEV IgG antibody. However, only for 82 blood samples were analyzed for IgM antibodies and all were found to be seronegative for HEV.
Conclusion: The study showed that significant finding of HEV IgG among the pregnant women. Therefore, it is high time for further deeper and large studies to be made on this virus in Eritrea.

published in EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH

  • Lipid Profile in Sudanese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Prospective Case-Control Study Conducted at Gezira State, Central Sudan

Objective: The study aimed to assess dyslipidemia in Sudanese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Method: This is a prospective case-control study done in Gezira state central Sudan during the period between June 2011 to December 2013. Seventy cases were diagnosed with PCOS based on 2003 Rotterdam criteria, and 60 women with regular menstrual cycle and without history of hyperandrogenism (HA) were recruited as control. Clinical features and lipid profile were investigated among study groups.
Results: The results showed that, among the 70 PCOS women, 52.9% presented with the 3 Rotterdam criteria (HA, PCO, and OD), 98.6% had oligmenorrhoea, 75.7% had hyperandrogenism, and 78.6% had polycystic ovary (PCO) on ultrasonographic examination. 38.6% of the women with PCOS fall in the age between 20-25 years and 92.3% of them have impaired fasting blood glucose. Women with PCOS showed significantly high triglyceride, LDL, and LDL/HDL ratio (p= 0.03, 0.000, and 0.00 respectively), and low total cholesterol and HDL when compared with the control group (p= 0.003 and 0.000). 61.4% of the women with PCOS had hypeinsulinemia, and 50.0% had insulin resistant, compared with 28.9% and 24.0% in the control group. 48.6% of the women with PCOS were obese, 74.0% of them had insulin resistant, and 76.0% had hyperinsulinemia. Lipid profile showed no significant difference between obese and non obese patients.
Conclusion: Sudanese women of PCOS showed high rates of oligmenorrhoea, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary (PCO), obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. As such, women with polycystic ovary syndrome are at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases due to the presence of dyslipidemia.

published in EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH

  • Evaluation effects of menorrhagia in coagulation profile (PT, INR, PTT, and platelets count) in Sudanese females

Background: Menorrhagia is a common health problem in women. It is direct cause of a significant health care burden for women, their families, and society as a whole. In addition menorrhagia is one of the most common manifestations of an inherited bleeding disorder so cause changes in coagulation profiles.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the coagulation profile (PT, INR, PTT, and platelets count) in females with menorrhagia and compare to healthy normal females, In addition to evaluate the effects of family history, previous patients history of excessive bleeding, regulatory of occurrence of menorrhagia, duration of menorrhagia/day (severity of menorrhagia), frequency of menorrhagia/year, clinical history (signs and symptoms) and treatment history on the previous coagulation profiles.
Materials and Methods: a case control study was included 100 samples. A total of 50 non marriage females with menorrhagia between the ages of 17 and 39 years with mean (22.4 ± 3.9) years and median 22 years, also 50 normal healthy females from Gazeira state - Sudan. A questionnaire that contained all elements of the 6-question screening tool was administered. Prothrombin time (PT), international normalize ratio (INR), and partial thrombin time (PTT) measured by Coagulometer, and platelets count determined by Sysmex XP 300 N automated analyzer. The data were then analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: An average of PT level in control group was (12.55 ± 0.64 second, while the average of PT level in cases group was (13.32 ± 1.12 second), which is statistically much higher significant in relation to control group (P = 0.001). in addition the average INR level in cases group was (1.11 ± 0.15), while the average of INR level in control group was (1.02 ± 0.05), which is statistically much lower significant in relation to cases group (P = 0.002). furthermore the average PTT level in control group was (33.25 ± 2.95 second), while the average of PTT level in cases group was (31.82 ± 3.74 second), which is statistically much lower significant in relation to control group (P = 0.012). and finally the average platelets count in cases group was (301.5 ± 100.2 × 109/L), while the average of platelets count in control group was (315.8 ± 83 × 109/L), which is statistically no significant difference in relation to control group (P = 0.436).
The study result showed highly significant difference of mean of PT in cases with previous history of bleeding (P = 0.009). Also highly significant difference of mean of INR in cases with duration of menorrhagia between 11 – 14 days and others (P = 0.007).
Conclusion: the study results showed that coagulation profile can be affected by menorrhagia. In conclusion, awareness of abnormal menstrual bleeding amongst physician and midwives, Adolescents female's leads to early diagnosis, improves quality of life. In addition, the multidisciplinary approach is required to diagnose and treat patients with menorrhagia amongst hematologists and gynecologists.

published in EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH

  • Detection of C Reactive Protein level in breast cancer

Background: breast cancer is most prevalent malignancy in females in Sudan. The diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer in Sudan need additional marker.
Objectives: The objectives of this study was to study association between breast cancer and CRP level, and also to compare CRP level between known diagnostic breast cancer women and healthy control women, in addition to asses uses of CRP test as diagnostic and prognostic marker in cancer.
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted at National Cancer Institute – University of Gezira (NCI – UG) during 2013. The study involved 60 subjects (20 healthy women, who are in accordance with examined groups concerning age, 40 confirmed breast cancer cases).the level of CRP in serum determined by immunoturbidimetery method using biosystem analyzer.
Results: An average of CRP level in serum of the control group was 2.91 mg /L, , while the average of CRP level in serum of patient group was 17.68 mg /L, which is statistically much bigger in relation to control group (P
0.00).
The CRP level was high in 31 cases (77.5 %), and normal in 9 cases (22.5 %) giving statistically significant correlation between values CRP level and breast cancer (r =p) was determined.
Conclusion: study results have shown that CRP level in serum can be a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker in inflammatory process in cancer.

published in EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH

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